We use freshly excised human and porcine skin samples to investigate and compare skin penetration and release rates of topically applied APls. Excised skin studies are ideal to simultaneously test the penetration rates of many different formulations. The lack of blood circulation generates higher drug concentrations even for less effective formulations and also allows for multiple drug applications on one subject. Ex-vivo studies are cost effective and compliant with the 3R strategy to reduce animal testing.
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