The 3D Exploration of Jezero Crater, Mars

Rovers encounter many landscapes, outcrops, and intricate structures they must document for future analysis. Most of these data, however, are primarily interpreted as 2D images despite the availability and ongoing advancement of tools to reconstruct and render Martian terrains in near photo-realistic 3D models. Both scientists and laypeople seldom have access to 3D reconstructions of even the most extensively studied Martian outcrops. We aim to fill this gap by employing various methods to generate, distribute, and scientifically analyze high-quality Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). We utilize images from the Mastcam-Z and other instruments onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover to reconstruct critical locations on and around the delta. The resulting models elucidate variations between outcrops and enable direct measurement of stratographic layer orientations within the outcrop. We focus mainly on comparing the 3D sedimentary structures of Kodiak with those found at other key delta front locations, such as Whale Mountain, Mount Juhle, Franklin Cliffs, Minors Castle, and several instances of the curvilinear unit. In addition to these large structures, we evaluate meter-to-centimeter scale 3D reconstructions to illustrate the implementation and scientific value of multi-scale investigations. Finally, we explore how the availability of high-quality 3D models enhances scientific interpretation, opening new ways to experience Mars.